{"id":626,"date":"2015-09-16T22:56:53","date_gmt":"2015-09-16T22:56:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hhardsoft.wordpress.com\/?p=626"},"modified":"2015-09-16T22:56:53","modified_gmt":"2015-09-16T22:56:53","slug":"accediendo-a-las-credenciales-de-los-usuarios-de-un-equipo-basado-en-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2015\/09\/16\/accediendo-a-las-credenciales-de-los-usuarios-de-un-equipo-basado-en-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Accediendo a las credenciales de los usuarios de un equipo basado en Unix."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Este ejemplo consiste en la extracci\u00f3n de datos de los usuarios de un sistema operativo basado en Unix.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/unix.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"627\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2015\/09\/16\/accediendo-a-las-credenciales-de-los-usuarios-de-un-equipo-basado-en-linux\/unix\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/unix.jpg?fit=960%2C370&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"960,370\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"unix\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/unix.jpg?fit=800%2C308&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-627\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/unix.jpg?resize=676%2C261&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"unix\" width=\"676\" height=\"261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/unix.jpg?w=960&amp;ssl=1 960w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/unix.jpg?resize=300%2C116&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/unix.jpg?resize=768%2C296&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><\/a><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Los sistemas operativos basados en<strong><em> UNIX<\/em><\/strong>, utilizan una base datos para almacenar todo tipo de usuarios y contrase\u00f1as del sistema, esta base de datos por as\u00ed llamar son <strong><em>shadow<\/em> <\/strong>y <em><strong>passwd<\/strong><\/em>, estas bases de datos fueron creadas para la seguridad del sistema, anteriormente, las contrase\u00f1as y los nombres de los usuarios se guardaban en el archivo <strong><em>passwd<\/em><\/strong>, todo lo que exist\u00eda en este documento era visible por cualquier usuario que lo pudiese encontrar, para eso se creo el archivo <strong><em>shadow<\/em><\/strong>, el cual se archivan todas las contrase\u00f1as encriptadas por un m\u00e9todo que ya podr\u00eda ser <strong><em>MD5<\/em><\/strong>,<strong><em> BlowFish<\/em><\/strong>,<strong><em> NT Hash<\/em><\/strong>, <strong><em>SHA-256<\/em><\/strong> y <strong><em>SHA-512<\/em><\/strong>. Normalmente los sistemas operativos basaos <strong><em>UNIX<\/em><\/strong> la encriptaci\u00f3n que utilizan es <strong><em>SHA-512.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vamos a ver unos ejemplos de estos archivos:<\/p>\n<p>Archivo <strong>\/etc\/passwd<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-003258.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"628\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2015\/09\/16\/accediendo-a-las-credenciales-de-los-usuarios-de-un-equipo-basado-en-linux\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-003258\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-003258.png?fit=645%2C322&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"645,322\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Captura de pantalla de 2015-09-17 00:32:58\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-003258.png?fit=645%2C322&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-628\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-003258.png?resize=645%2C322&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Captura de pantalla de 2015-09-17 00:32:58\" width=\"645\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-003258.png?w=645&amp;ssl=1 645w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-003258.png?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Archivo <strong>\/etc\/shadow<\/strong> (posiblemente el que nos interesa por contener las contrase\u00f1as):<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-0035441.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"630\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2015\/09\/16\/accediendo-a-las-credenciales-de-los-usuarios-de-un-equipo-basado-en-linux\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-003544\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-0035441.png?fit=646%2C321&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"646,321\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Captura de pantalla de 2015-09-17 00:35:44\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-0035441.png?fit=646%2C321&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-630\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-0035441.png?resize=646%2C321&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Captura de pantalla de 2015-09-17 00:35:44\" width=\"646\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-0035441.png?w=646&amp;ssl=1 646w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/captura-de-pantalla-de-2015-09-17-0035441.png?resize=300%2C149&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ejemplo de <strong><em>hash<\/em><\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>ejemplo<em><strong>$6$Kqdlpwie$Pv7Vx2op9mnsWNLKfvv4uA8fiuYP1lks6mV34rLB7d7KGBK7vHqxa5OABYdffqjrloQfpXO3IAnMpB5uuijmP\/<\/strong><\/em>:16687:0:99999:7:::<\/p>\n<p>Explicaci\u00f3n de <em><strong>hash <\/strong><\/em>(contrase\u00f1a):<\/p>\n<p>Contrase\u00f1a modo hash:\u00a0 Se compone en 3 partes separas por $:<\/p>\n<p>$6$Kqdlpwie$Pv7Vx2op9mnsWNLKfvv4uA8fiuYP1lks6mV34rLB7d7KGBK7vHqxa5OABYdffqjrloQfpXO3IAnMpB5uuijmP\/<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"Apple-style-span\"><b>Id:<\/b> M\u00e9todo de encriptaci\u00f3n: 1 para MD5; 2 o 2a para Blowfish; 3 para NT Hash; 5 para SHA-256; y 6 para SHA-512.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"Apple-style-span\"><b>Salt:<\/b> Es utilizado por los algoritmos de encriptaci\u00f3n, va desde 8 car\u00e1cteres m\u00e1s de 16 car\u00e1cteres<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"Apple-style-span\"><b>Hash:<\/b> Esto es la contrase\u00f1a o hash. MD5 utiliza 22 caracteres, SHA-256 usa 43, y SHA-512 usa 86.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Para desencriptar estos hashes podemos utilizar algunos online.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Todo el proceso y las im\u00e1genes han sido comprobadas y capturadas por mi.<\/p>\n<p>Saludos, David De Maya Merras, @DavidDeMaya<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Este ejemplo consiste en la extracci\u00f3n de datos de los usuarios de un sistema operativo basado en Unix.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3,7],"tags":[14,34,49,54],"class_list":["post-626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guias","category-seguridad-informatica","tag-credenciales","tag-linux","tag-seguridad-informatica-2","tag-unix"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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