{"id":2779,"date":"2022-10-12T10:31:05","date_gmt":"2022-10-12T10:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/?p=2779"},"modified":"2022-10-12T10:31:16","modified_gmt":"2022-10-12T10:31:16","slug":"nmap-caso-practico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2022\/10\/12\/nmap-caso-practico\/","title":{"rendered":"NMAP &#8211; Caso pr\u00e1ctico"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Buenas a tod@s, despu\u00e9s de un tiempo sin escribir nada en el blog, hoy os traigo un peque\u00f1o ejemplo pr\u00e1ctico junto a los an\u00e1lisis de dos tipos de escaneo utilizando NMAP. Este ejemplo es muy sencillo, la finalidad de este post, es analizar realmente como est\u00e1 funcionando NMAP a nivel de paquetes e interpretar esta informaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"427\" data-attachment-id=\"165\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2014\/12\/02\/analisis-de-redes-y-vulnerabilidades\/nmap-project-logo\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/nmap-project-logo.png?fit=1679%2C896&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1679,896\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"nmap-project-logo\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/nmap-project-logo.png?fit=800%2C427&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/nmap-project-logo.png?resize=800%2C427&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/nmap-project-logo.png?resize=1024%2C546&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/nmap-project-logo.png?resize=300%2C160&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/nmap-project-logo.png?resize=768%2C410&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/nmap-project-logo.png?resize=1200%2C640&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/nmap-project-logo.png?w=1679&amp;ssl=1 1679w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/nmap-project-logo.png?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>INTRODUCCI\u00d3N:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Es una herramienta de c\u00f3digo abierto creada por Gordon Lyon en 1997, la cual \u00e9l escribi\u00f3. Actualmente el soporte de esta herramienta la lleva la comunidad creada alrededor de ella. NMAP fue creada para el descubrimiento de redes y de puertos de los anfitriones. La especialidad de \u201cNMAP\u201d es escanear grandes redes en busca de equipos encendidos y buscando puertos abiertos en los anfitriones, conociendo el servicio que est\u00e1 escuchando ese puerto. Otras de las opciones que tiene \u201cNMAP\u201d es que tiene la posibilidad de saber qu\u00e9 Sistema Operativo est\u00e1 utilizando el equipo anfitri\u00f3n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Con el paso del tiempo NMAP gan\u00f3 fama saliendo en pel\u00edculas como: Matrix, Die Hard 4 y el Ultim\u00e1tum de Bourne.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>UTILIDADES:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Esta herramienta nos permite rastrear grandes redes en busca de equipos y los puertos abiertos que hay en \u00e9l. Otra de las posibilidades que tiene NMAP es que nos permite escanear el quipo en busca de vulnerabilidades, gracias a el desarrollo de su gran comunidad han conseguido que a base de scripts desarrollados en Python consigan que m\u00e1s que un rastreador de puertos se convierta en un scaner de vulnerabilidades, tambi\u00e9n tiene la posibilidad de que en caso que la red disponga de un proxy o cortafuegos gracias a la herramienta \u201cNping\u201d poder saltarse el cortafuegos o al menos tener conocimiento de que existe.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>FUNCIONAMIENTO:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>NMAP est\u00e1 compuesto por varias herramientas que fueron desarrolladas a la misma vez , como son Ncat, Ndiff y Nping. Estas tres herramientas componen los pilares de NMAP donde Ncat permite las conexiones que hacen posible el rastreo de equipos y puertos dentro de una red, que se complementa con Nping, la peculiaridad de esta herramienta es que nos permite crear un paquete de datos TCP\/IP personalizado el cual se complementa con Ndiff, permitiendo visualizar todo este comportamiento.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>FUENTES DE INFORMACI\u00d3N:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nmap.org\/\">NMAP<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nmap.org\/ncat\/\">NCAT<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nmap.org\/ndiff\/\">NDIFF<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nmap.org\/nping\/\">NPING<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para este caso pr\u00e1ctico, se dispondr\u00e1 de dos m\u00e1quinas virtuales desplegadas en VMWare, una de ellas ser\u00e1 Kali Linux en modo puente y un Windows 10 en modo puente. Este caso pr\u00e1ctico trata de aplicar lo aprendido en esta sesi\u00f3n, abordando as\u00ed, los diferentes m\u00e9todos de enumeraci\u00f3n que hemos visto. En la siguiente tabla, podemos ver m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre las VM utilizadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"99\" data-attachment-id=\"2781\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2022\/10\/12\/nmap-caso-practico\/image-57\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image.png?fit=1194%2C148&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1194,148\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image.png?fit=800%2C99&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image.png?resize=800%2C99&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2781\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image.png?w=1194&amp;ssl=1 1194w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image.png?resize=300%2C37&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image.png?resize=768%2C95&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Escaneo de puertos SYN<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El objetivo principal de este tipo de escaneo (-sS), es el descubrimiento de puertos, a continuaci\u00f3n, vamos a ver el resultado del an\u00e1lisis de nuestra VM Windows 10:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NMAP:\u00a0<\/strong>nmap -Pn -sS -p- &lt;IP><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&#8211;<strong>Pn:\u00a0<\/strong>No realizar ping para el descubrimiento del host.<\/li><li><strong>-sS:\u00a0<\/strong>Tipo de escaneo (SYN).<\/li><li><strong>-p- :\u00a0<\/strong>Escanear todos los puertos (1-65535).<\/li><li>&#8211;<strong>vv:\u00a0<\/strong>Modo verbose, para mostrar m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n por pantalla.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"288\" data-attachment-id=\"2782\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2022\/10\/12\/nmap-caso-practico\/image-1-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1.png?fit=1090%2C392&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1090,392\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"image-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1.png?fit=800%2C288&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1.png?resize=800%2C288&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2782\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1.png?w=1090&amp;ssl=1 1090w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1.png?resize=300%2C108&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1.png?resize=768%2C276&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como se puede observar en la captura, el propio escaneo nos proporciona informaci\u00f3n, mencionando que probablemente los puertos est\u00e9n cerrados, si vemos esto a nivel de Wireshark:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"252\" data-attachment-id=\"2783\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2022\/10\/12\/nmap-caso-practico\/image-2-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2.png?fit=1166%2C368&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1166,368\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"image-2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2.png?fit=800%2C252&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2.png?resize=800%2C252&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2783\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2.png?w=1166&amp;ssl=1 1166w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2.png?resize=300%2C95&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2.png?resize=768%2C242&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se puede apreciar que efectivamente el host nos responde con paquetes reset a cada una de las peticiones SYN que hemos lanzado al equipo en cuesti\u00f3n, pero tambi\u00e9n cabr\u00eda la posibilidad que simplemente tuviese el firewall habilitado, esto nos llevar\u00e1 al siguiente escaneo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Descubrimiento de firewall ACK<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El objetivo principal de este tipo de escaneo (-sA), es el descubrimiento de Firewalls, a continuaci\u00f3n, vamos a ver el resultado del an\u00e1lisis de nuestra VM Windows 10:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NMAP:\u00a0<\/strong>nmap -Pn -sA -p- &lt;IP><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&#8211;<strong>Pn:\u00a0<\/strong>No realizar ping para el descubrimiento del host.<\/li><li><strong>-sA:\u00a0<\/strong>Tipo de escaneo (ACK).<\/li><li>&#8211;<strong>p-:\u00a0<\/strong>Escanear todos los puertos (1-65535).<\/li><li><strong>-vv:\u00a0<\/strong>Modo verbose, para mostrar m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n por pantalla.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"298\" data-attachment-id=\"2784\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2022\/10\/12\/nmap-caso-practico\/image-3-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-3.png?fit=1148%2C428&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1148,428\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"image-3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-3.png?fit=800%2C298&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-3.png?resize=800%2C298&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2784\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-3.png?w=1148&amp;ssl=1 1148w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-3.png?resize=300%2C112&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-3.png?resize=768%2C286&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Del mismo modo, que, en el anterior escaneo, podemos visualizar que nmap nos informa de que esos puertos no est\u00e1n filtrados por un Firewall debido a que se han recibido \u201cresets\u201d a todos los paquetes ACK que se han mandado, dando a entender que, si ha llegado la petici\u00f3n, pero no ha sido filtrada por un firewall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"426\" data-attachment-id=\"2785\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2022\/10\/12\/nmap-caso-practico\/image-4-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4.png?fit=924%2C492&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"924,492\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"image-4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4.png?fit=800%2C426&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4.png?resize=800%2C426&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2785\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4.png?w=924&amp;ssl=1 924w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4.png?resize=300%2C160&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4.png?resize=768%2C409&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como se puede apreciar en la anterior captura, podemos ver los RST respondidos a los paquetes ACK.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como conclusi\u00f3n de los resultados obtenidos, se podr\u00eda decir que esta m\u00e1quina no est\u00e1 arrancando ning\u00fan servicio a la escucha en ning\u00fan puerto, esto sea probablemente cierto, debido a que la VM utilizada contiene una imagen Windows 10 reci\u00e9n instalada.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Buenas a tod@s, despu\u00e9s de un tiempo sin escribir nada en el blog, hoy os traigo un peque\u00f1o ejemplo pr\u00e1ctico junto a los an\u00e1lisis de dos tipos de escaneo utilizando &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":165,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Buenas a tod@s, despu\u00e9s de un tiempo sin escribir nada en el blog, hoy os traigo un peque\u00f1o ejemplo pr\u00e1ctico junto a los an\u00e1lisis de dos tipos de escaneo utilizando NMAP.","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3,7],"tags":[39,319,321,218],"class_list":["post-2779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guias","category-seguridad-informatica","tag-nmap","tag-scan","tag-syn","tag-wireshark"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>NMAP - Caso pr\u00e1ctico - Hardsoft Security<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2022\/10\/12\/nmap-caso-practico\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" 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