{"id":1465,"date":"2018-02-13T11:04:08","date_gmt":"2018-02-13T11:04:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/?p=1465"},"modified":"2018-02-13T11:12:01","modified_gmt":"2018-02-13T11:12:01","slug":"como-hacer-mysql-mas-seguro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2018\/02\/13\/como-hacer-mysql-mas-seguro\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfC\u00f3mo hacer MySQL m\u00e1s seguro?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hola a tod@s hoy os traigo una peque\u00f1a entrada donde vamos a ver como hacer nuestro servidor de MySQL m\u00e1s seguro, esto nos permitir\u00e1 tener un control completo de nuestro servidor, ya que en estos tiempos existen much\u00edsimos bots continuamente escaneando la red para atacar nuestros servicios.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"956\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2016\/06\/10\/bases-de-datos-relacionales-mysql-diseno-fisico-triggers-insertado-de-datos-consultas-procedures-y-funciones\/mysql-logo-1329320869\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mysql-logo-1329320869.jpg?fit=800%2C413&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,413\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"mysql-logo-1329320869\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mysql-logo-1329320869.jpg?fit=800%2C413&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-956 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mysql-logo-1329320869.jpg?resize=635%2C328&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"635\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mysql-logo-1329320869.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mysql-logo-1329320869.jpg?resize=300%2C155&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mysql-logo-1329320869.jpg?resize=768%2C396&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/mysql-logo-1329320869.jpg?resize=750%2C387&amp;ssl=1 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\" \/><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Voy a dar por sentado que todos conocemos que es Mysql, pero para el que este un poco perdido voy a dejar un enlace a wikipedia con su descripci\u00f3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MySQL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MySQL<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bueno para comenzar, hablaremos de la directiva de configuraci\u00f3n &#8220;bind-address&#8221;, establecida esta directiva a un valor seguro se restringir\u00edan las conexiones solamente a &#8220;localhost&#8221;, es decir en caso de que un cliente desease conectarse, al no generarse la conexi\u00f3n en la propia m\u00e1quina esta se cerrar\u00eda. Para que el servidor MySQL solo reciba conexiones en localhost se deber\u00e1 dejar la pol\u00edtica de la siguiente manera, Abrimos\u00a0\/etc\/mysql\/my.cnf y modificamos:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>bind-address=127.0.0.1<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>La siguiente directiva es bastante importante ya que si el servidor MySQL que estamos gestionando trabaja con una aplicaci\u00f3n web, un atacante podr\u00eda aprovechar una inyecci\u00f3n SQL y poder acceder o ejecutar la lectura de los ficheros de configuraci\u00f3n de nuestro servidor a trav\u00e9s de una shell de MySQL ejecutada con los permisos del usuario que inici\u00f3 el daemon de MySQL, para evitar la carga de ficheros y evitar una posible fuga de informaci\u00f3n desde el sistema de ficheros mediante SQLi, establecemos las siguientes directivas en el fichero de configuraci\u00f3n &#8220;\/etc\/mysql\/my.cnf&#8221;:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>[mysqld]<\/p>\n<p>local-infile\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = 0<\/p>\n<p>secure-file-priv\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0= \/dev\/null<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Otro de los pasos m\u00e1s importantes es la de renombrar el usuario root, no es una directiva de seguridad como tal, pero ya sabemos que hay muchos bots probando con fuerza bruta el acceso a nuestros servidores, no hay ning\u00fan sistema impenetrable pero siempre hay que pon\u00e9rselo un poco m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil al ciberdelincuente, esto se har\u00e1 con la siguiente actualizaci\u00f3n de la base de datos &#8220;mysql&#8221; en la tabla &#8220;user&#8221;:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>update mysql.user set user=&#8221;davidhs&#8221; where user=&#8221;root&#8221;;<\/p>\n<p>flush privileges;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Otro control que deber\u00edamos llevar dentro de nuestra servidor MySQL es consultar siempre que podamos los privilegios de los usuarios, es recomendable que tengamos varios usuarios con diferentes permisos para cada funci\u00f3n, con la siguiente consulta podremos ver los usuarios y sus permisos, seg\u00fan los usuarios que encontremos pues degradaremos o elevaremos los privilegios de los usuarios que nos interese:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>select distinct(grantee) from information_schema.user_privileges;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>En caso de que solo queramos ver los permisos de un solo usuario se har\u00e1 con la siguiente consulta:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>show grants for &#8216;root&#8217;@&#8217;localhost&#8217;;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Otra herramienta y no menos importante es el script &#8220;mysql_secure_installation&#8221;, el cual nos ayuda a eliminar usuario an\u00f3nimos, establecer una contrase\u00f1a al usuario administrador, eliminar las bases de datos de pruebas, habilitar o\u00a0deshabilitar el acceso remoto del usuario administrador, etc. El cual se iniciar\u00eda de la siguiente manera:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>sudo mysql_secure_installation<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Espero que os guste esta peque\u00f1a entrada de como hacer algo m\u00e1s seguro nuestro servidor de MySQL. Un saludo, David.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Gracias por visitar el blog.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hola a tod@s hoy os traigo una peque\u00f1a entrada donde vamos a ver como hacer nuestro servidor de MySQL m\u00e1s seguro, esto nos permitir\u00e1 tener un control completo de nuestro &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":956,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3,4,7],"tags":[184,182,76,183,169],"class_list":["post-1465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guias","category-hardening-linux","category-seguridad-informatica","tag-hacer-mas-seguro-mysql","tag-hardening-mysql","tag-mysql","tag-secure-mysql","tag-sql"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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