En este peque\u00f1o manual, lo que explicar\u00e9 ser\u00e1 como automatizar una serie de copias de seguridad completas e incrementales, con ayuda de dos grandes herramientas de los sistemas operativos basados en LINUX, llamados CRONTAB y SHELLSCRIPT.<\/p>\n
Una breve explicaci\u00f3n del script realizado ser\u00eda la siguiente, el script es ejecutado diariamente por el sistema gracias a crontab, al ser ejecutado el script, si fuese d\u00eda 1 del mes, este har\u00eda una copia de seguridad completa en el directorio que nosotros determinamos, guard\u00e1ndolo con la fecha la cual se hizo la copia de seguridad, la siguiente copia se har\u00eda si fuese domingo, en caso de serlo, se har\u00eda una copia de seguridad completa de esa semana, guardando en el nombre el d\u00eda de la semana el cual se ha hecho, la siguiente copia se realizar\u00eda diariamente y ser\u00eda incremental, esta solo copiar\u00eda los datos modificados desde una fecha que le pasaremos desde un fichero.<\/p>\n
SCRIPT:<\/p>\n
Aqu\u00ed muestro el script utilizado para realizar las copias de seguridad automatizadas:<\/p>\n
#!\/BIN\/BASH<\/p>\n
#copia completa cada mes, cada semana y incremental cada dia.<\/p>\n
#Aqu\u00ed introduzco el directorio del cual quiero hacer la copia<\/p>\n
directorios=”\/home\/david”<\/p>\n
#directorio donde voy a guardar la copia<\/p>\n
backdir=”\/copia”<\/p>\n
fechadir=”\/copia”<\/p>\n
#calcular la fecha<\/p>\n
diasemana=`date +%a` #dia de la semana eje: miercoles<\/p>\n
diames=`date +%d` #dia del mes eje: 5 <– de marzo<\/p>\n
diaymes=`date +%d%b` #dia y mes<\/p>\n
############################## comienzan las copias ##########################<\/p>\n
# REALIZA LA COPIA DE SEGURIDAD COMPLETA TODOS LOS DIA 1 DE CADA MES #<\/p>\n
if [ “$diames” = “01” ]; then<\/p>\n
# si es dia 1 del mes hace una copia completa de los directorios que queremos<\/p>\n
# poniendo dia y mes en el nombre del .tar<\/p>\n
tar -cf $backdir\/ctm-$diaymes.tar $directorios<\/p>\n
fi<\/p>\n
## REALIZA LA COPIA DE SEGURIDAD COMPLETA TODOS LOS DOMINGOS.<\/p>\n
if [ “$diasemana” == “dom” ]; then<\/p>\n
# si el dia de la semana es domingo\u00a0 hace la copia completa semanal.<\/p>\n
fechahoy=`date +%d-%b`<\/p>\n
# introduce el valor de la variable $fechahoy en un fichero llamado fecha-backup-completo<\/p>\n
echo $fechahoy > $fechadir\/fecha-backup-completo<\/p>\n
tar -cd $backdir\/cts-$diasemana.tar $directorios<\/p>\n
## CREA LAS COPIAS INCREMENTALES CADA DIA.<\/p>\n
else<\/p>\n
## se le pasa al parametro –newer la fecha del ultimo backup<\/p>\n
nuevo=”–newer=’cat $fechadir\/fecha-backup-completo'”<\/p>\n
## ejecutamos tar para que solo haga la copia incremental con las diferencias.<\/p>\n
tar $nuevo -cf $backdir\/inc-$diasemana.tar $directorios<\/p>\n
fi<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Crontab:<\/p>\n
En mi caso el crontab lo he utilizado para que el script mostrado anteriormente lo ejecutase todos los d\u00edas a las 17:07, aqu\u00ed adjunto imagen del fichero modificado de crontab:<\/p>\n
![\"1\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/1.png?resize=529%2C302&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n
Prueba de Script:<\/p>\n
Al ejecutar el script diariamente se crear\u00e1 una copia de seguridad diaria incremental:<\/p>\n
![\"2\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/2.png?resize=571%2C178&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n
Al ejecutar el script diariamente y el script filtrar que es domingo crear\u00e1 una copia de seguridad completa de la semana:<\/p>\n
![\"3\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/3.png?resize=566%2C122&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n
Al ejecutar el script diariamente y el script detectar que es d\u00eda uno del mes, este hace una copia de seguridad completa del mes completo:<\/p>\n
![\"4\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/4.png?resize=574%2C183&ssl=1\")
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Todo el proceso de las pruebas, como las im\u00e1genes han sido comprobados, y capturadas por mi.<\/p>\n
Saludos, David De Maya Merras, @DavidDeMaya<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
En este peque\u00f1o manual, lo que explicar\u00e9 ser\u00e1 como automatizar una serie de copias de seguridad completas e incrementales, con ayuda de dos grandes herramientas de los sistemas operativos basados …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1062,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3,4,7],"tags":[90,91,34,66],"class_list":["post-1057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guias","category-hardening-linux","category-seguridad-informatica","tag-copia-de-seguridad","tag-crontab","tag-linux","tag-shell-script"],"yoast_head":"\n
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<\/p>\n