{"id":1043,"date":"2016-09-25T23:37:55","date_gmt":"2016-09-25T23:37:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/?p=1043"},"modified":"2016-09-25T23:37:55","modified_gmt":"2016-09-25T23:37:55","slug":"que-es-nat-explicacion-del-funcionamiento-nat-en-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hardsoftsecurity.es\/index.php\/2016\/09\/25\/que-es-nat-explicacion-del-funcionamiento-nat-en-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es NAT? Explicaci\u00f3n del funcionamiento NAT en Linux."},"content":{"rendered":"

Hoy os traigo la explicaci\u00f3n del protocolo de traducciones de direcciones de red NAT, en este art\u00edculo vamos a ver que es NAT y un peque\u00f1o ejemplo pr\u00e1ctico con un Windows 7 y un Debian 8 server.
\n\"nat-squid\"<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/a>1. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es NAT?<\/h1>\n

En el nacimiento de internet, se ideo un protocolo de direccionamiento para interconectar redes entre s\u00ed, llamado \u201cprotocolo IPv4\u201d, que daba la posibilidad de direccionar 4.294.967.296, con el crecimiento de la red en unos a\u00f1os nos quedar\u00edamos sin direcciones para asignar, para esto se ideo un parche por llamarlo de alguna manera, a esto se llam\u00f3 \u201cNAT\u201d que consist\u00eda en conectar muchos equipos a internet con solo una IP.<\/p>\n

<\/a>2. \u00bfC\u00f3mo funciona NAT?<\/h1>\n

El funcionamiento de NAT,\u00a0 consiste en que muchos equipos puedan salir a internet con una sola direcci\u00f3n, a estas se les llama direcciones IP p\u00fablicas, cuando un equipo solicita una p\u00e1gina alojada en internet, esta petici\u00f3n es enviada a su puerta de enlace, el cual tendr\u00e1 el servicio NAT activado, lo que har\u00e1 ser\u00e1 convertir la IP privada(origen) en la IP p\u00fablica para realizar la petici\u00f3n al servidor que aloja la p\u00e1gina web, dejando constancia en el router apuntando en una tabla la direcci\u00f3n origen y el puerto de conexi\u00f3n. B\u00e1sicamente lo que hace es multiplexar las conexiones de varios equipos a trav\u00e9s de una conexi\u00f3n de salida.<\/p>\n

\"8\"<\/p>\n

<\/a>3. Ejercicio NAT en Linux (Debian 8)<\/h1>\n

3.1\u00a0<\/a>Configurar Iptables en Debian 8 para que haga NAT.<\/h2>\n

As\u00ed es como se ver\u00e1 la red una vez configurada:<\/p>\n

\"9\"<\/p>\n

Para poder conseguir esta topolog\u00eda de red, debemos empezar por configurar las tarjetas de red de los equipos, en mi caso tendran las siguientes configuraciones:<\/p>\n

Windows\u00a0 7:<\/p>\n

\"7\"<\/p>\n

Debian 8:<\/p>\n

\"2\"<\/p>\n

El siguiente paso es elaborar el siguiente script con comandos de iptables:<\/p>\n

\"1\"<\/p>\n

Una vez realizado el script debemos dejarlo en el directorio \u201c\/etc\/init.d\/\u201d, y una vez dejado el script en su sitio lanzamos el siguiente comando para que ejecute al iniciar nuestro servidor:<\/p>\n

\"3\"<\/p>\n

Una vez realizado esto, reiniciaremos el servidor. Y procederemos a las comprobaciones desde el equipo Windows 7:<\/p>\n

\"5\"<\/p>\n

\"6\"<\/p>\n

\"4\"<\/p>\n

Todo el proceso de las pruebas, como las im\u00e1genes han sido comprobados, y capturadas por mi.<\/p>\n

Saludos, David De Maya Merras, @DavidDeMaya<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hoy os traigo la explicaci\u00f3n del protocolo de traducciones de direcciones de red NAT, en este art\u00edculo vamos a ver que es NAT y un peque\u00f1o ejemplo pr\u00e1ctico con un …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3,4],"tags":[85,88,34,89],"class_list":["post-1043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guias","category-hardening-linux","tag-debian","tag-iptables","tag-linux","tag-nat"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 es NAT? 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Espero que os guste su entrada d\u00f3nde nos hace una introducci\u00f3n a los ataques Spoofing m\u00e1s detallada. 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